As hurricane season approaches, it’s crucial to familiarize ourselves with the terminology used by meteorologists and emergency management officials. Knowing the lingo can help you stay informed and prepared. Here’s a breakdown of some common hurricane terms you might encounter.
1. Tropical Depression
A tropical depression is the initial stage of a tropical cyclone. It has maximum sustained winds of up to 38 mph. While it’s not yet a hurricane, it can still bring heavy rain and gusty winds.
2. Tropical Storm
When winds reach between 39 mph and 73 mph, a tropical depression is upgraded to a tropical storm. At this stage, the storm is given a name and can cause significant rainfall and flooding, even if it doesn’t strengthen into a hurricane.
3. Hurricane Categories
Hurricanes are classified into five categories based on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale:
- Category 1: Winds of 74-95 mph. Minimal damage to structures; some flooding expected.
- Category 2: Winds of 96-110 mph. Moderate damage to homes and increased flooding risk.
- Category 3: Winds of 111-129 mph. Extensive damage, with many trees uprooted and power outages likely.
- Category 4: Winds of 130-156 mph. Catastrophic damage; complete roof failure and severe flooding.
- Category 5: Winds of 157 mph or higher. Catastrophic damage with total destruction of homes.
4. Storm Surge
Storm surge refers to the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted tide levels. It can cause severe flooding in coastal areas and is often the deadliest aspect of hurricanes.
5. Hurricane Watch vs. Hurricane Warning
- Hurricane Watch: This alert indicates that a hurricane may threaten an area within 48 hours. It’s a time to prepare and stay informed.
- Hurricane Warning: Issued when a hurricane is expected to make landfall within 36 hours. Residents should take immediate action to protect life and property.
6. Landfall
Landfall occurs when the center of a hurricane moves over land. This is often when the storm begins to weaken, but it can still cause significant damage, especially from storm surge and heavy rainfall.
7. Eye and Eye Wall
- Eye: The calm center of the hurricane, typically characterized by clear skies and light winds. However, this is often deceptive, as surrounding areas can experience severe conditions.
- Eyewall: The area surrounding the eye, where the most intense winds and heaviest rains occur. This is the most dangerous part of the storm.
8. Debris Field
This term describes the area surrounding a hurricane’s center where debris, such as trees and buildings, is scattered due to strong winds. This can pose additional hazards after the storm passes.
9. Flash Flooding
Rapid flooding that can occur within minutes or hours of heavy rainfall or storm surge. Flash floods can be extremely dangerous, especially in low-lying areas.
10. Emergency Management Terms
- Evacuation: The organized movement of people away from a dangerous area. Know your local evacuation routes and plans.
- Shelter: Designated safe spaces for individuals and families during a storm, often set up by local authorities.
Conclusion
Understanding hurricane terminology can empower you to make informed decisions before, during, and after a storm. Stay connected to reliable sources for updates, and always prioritize safety. With knowledge comes preparedness—let’s stay safe together this hurricane season!